Prostate

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. The prostate is a gland in the internal genitals and its function is to secrete fluids secreted by ejaculation..

Frenquency-Causes

It usually affects between 50-80 years old. The frequency increases progressively with age. The causes of prostate cancer remain unknown.
Prostate adenocarcinoma, the most common type of prostate cancer, develops from prostate gland cells. Most prostate tumors develop very slowly.

Symptoms-Diagnosis

The vast majority of prostate cancers are in the early stages (endoprostatic lesion) and do not cause any symptoms. They are diagnosed randomly, after a PSA test or less commonly by clinical examination for difficulty in urination. Some prostate cancers give atypical symptoms of prostate syndrome (frequent urination, dysuria). Symptoms of advanced prostate cancer include like hematuria, bone pain.

Prices of PSA up to 4 mg / ml are considered normal. Values greater than 10 mg / ml are considered abnormal, while values between 4 and 10 are considered marginal and it is advisable to discuss them with your doctor. Other prostate lesions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis can cause an increase in PSA
The definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer is made after histological confirmation. Prostate biopsies are usually performed with the help of transrectal ultrasound.

Population check up for prostate cancer included initially measuring PSA level (prostatic specific antigen- PSA). PSA values up to 4 are within normal levels. Levels above 10mg/ml are considered to be abnormal where values between 4 mg/ml and 10 are border line, therefore it is advisable that they are discussed with your doctor.
Prostate pathology other than cancer, (i.e. benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis) may increase PSA values. Histological confirmation sets the definite diagnosis of prostate cancer. Prostate biopsies may be taken via transrectal ultrasound.

Treatment

If prostate cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, the treatment options are many and the chances of cure are high. Treatment includes surgery (radical prostatectomy, robotic prostatectomy), local radiotherapy (external beam, radioactive implants), hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and in selected cases, close monitoring without treatment is recommended.
There also many available treatment options for more advanced stages that include targeted agents and novel hormone agents.